Published May, 2012

Common name: Hemp dogbane
Scientific name: Apocynum cannabinum L.

Life cycle: Perennial
Origin: North America
Poisonous: Yes

Hemp dogbane, sometimes called Indian hemp, grows throughout most of North America. This creeping, perennial broadleaf weed can reach 5 feet tall, and mature plants are woody at their base. This species is found frequently in pastures and rangeland. It reproduces from seeds and buds on creeping, horizontal roots and from crown buds of the parent plant. Hemp dogbane forms colonies of plants from the creeping roots.

Small white flowers bloom in the plant’s terminal, and leaves and stems contain a white, milky sap. This plant has more branching than other milkweed plants, and the leaves contain few, if any, hairs.

Hemp dogbane is poisonous to horses, with the leaves being toxic at all times. Dried leaves in hay are also toxic. The toxic substance is a glycoside that might cause digestive disturbances, diarrhea, and overall weakness.

Controlling hemp dogbane in pastures is very difficult. Mowing is generally ineffective and herbicidal treatment might require multiple applications. Consult your local Cooperative Extension Service personnel for herbicidal control in your area.

William W. Witt, PhD, a researcher in the department of Plant and Soil Science at the University of Kentucky, provided this information.